Archive for the 'Books' Category

Prospect reading group goes to town

Last summer I introduced the Prospect reading group to these web pages, and started posting regular reports of our discussions. They stopped when I got distracted by illness in November, but now another reading group member, Roger Grimshaw, has filled the gap with this report on a special outing…

“The Hayward Gallery on a Friday night: not the usual setting for our reading group, but August is the time of year when we let our hair down. Some 10 members caught the show ‘Psycho-Buildings on the South Bank in London, discussing it in a wine bar afterwards. Two books had been suggested for background reading: Jane Rendell’s Art and Architecture: A place between, and Gaston Bachelard’s The Poetics of Space.

The Rendell book looks at a wide range of recent site-specific art, all stimulated by encounters with places, and discusses the significance of artistic montage and allegory in highlighting the non-obvious. For example, drawings of archaeological rubbish pits scored into the landscaped slabs of a shopping centre may serve to expose historical and contemporary ‘consumerism’.

While many of the works reviewed in the book seem grounded enough, the underlying theory appeared dauntingly abstract and conceptual. Would the Hayward exhibition be as opaque? In the event, the buildings there included a variety of constructions, de-structions and dis-assemblings, each more or less ready to disclose its magic and mystery.

Among the ‘destructive’ pieces was an interior seemingly being blasted into pieces, with the moment held as if in freeze frame by ceiling wires attached to every fragment of wall and furniture. Another consisted of two miniature houses in collision, one Korean and one American in design and content, reflecting a clash of cultures. And there was a savage but realistic interior of walls gouged by holes as if by a giant creature searching for an escape.

The gallery’s exterior was used to display three constructions. A geodesic dome made of plastic towered over us as we entered; the walled flat roof terrace was filled with water to create a boating pool ‘in the sky’; and elsewhere a film theatre, held together by crazy scaffolding, showed art features.

The most conventionally ‘enchanting’ work was by the British  artist Rachel Whiteread, who gave us a whole village of dolls’ houses, cast in darkness, but with each tiny twinkling house lit from inside. There was a charming quality too about walking up a sharply angled aluminium tunnel, lit from an opening above to show a myriad of reflections on its surfaces. A pink staircase made of see-through cloth hinted at the real thing. 

As a group that normally discusses books, we were inevitably attracted to arguments about the role of texts as interpreters of art, whether as simple wall-plaques or as book-length discourses. There was some cynicism about the roles of art criticism and commentary in demanding deference to the work.

Was it possible to draw out the message from some of the artefacts without a textual introduction? In the case of the two houses colliding, for example, it seemed that its cultural meaning might not have come through without a textual guide, even if the extremity of the clash was obvious to the eyes.

On the other hand, how far did the texts matter, if we were prepared to be open to the experience of viewing the works in their actual, challenging state? Did not their materiality and sensuality make us view familiar things in a new light? Was it always necessary to reference the known, or could art not produce new experiences, like imaginative fiction? Was traditional art any less bound up with ideas, as distinct from simple representation?

Our discussion showed clearly, if we hadn’t known it already, that the knowledge and expectations we bring to a work are crucial in determining our responses, although these can be reinterpreted in discussion. The exhibition worked, in that it brought us individual pleasure in one way or another. But it seems that art education – in the sense of explication and clarification – needs more work, if we are to approach exhibitions like this with confidence.” 

Migration fiction moves on

The migrations of the 20th century have long provided rich pickings for literature—including around half of the winners of the Booker prize since its inception. Yet, argues Kamran Nazeer in our lead review this month, social and technological change are ushering in a new era that art has only tentatively begun to explore: a world of shared, instant information, greater mobility and awareness on the part of most immigrants, and with few of the seemingly irreversible dislocations of 50 years ago.

Comparing Eva Hoffman’s 1989 memoir of her 1959 departure from Poland for Canada, Lost in Translation, with her recent novel of a 21st century migrant in Europe, Illuminations, Nazeer explores this transition and its consequences for writers—the new challenge they face; the loss of the binary oppositions so central to older works; and the newer, subtler traumas to be explored today.

As ever, share your own thoughts and experiences below.

Summer books to love and hate

It’s that warm, apathetic time of year again. There’s nothing in the papers, and precious little going on elsewhere—so we troop onto boats, planes, cars and trains headed for relaxation and pleasure; and we search for a book or four to see us through the workless days and balmy nights. But what to pack? Aside from the compulsory paperback bestseller or two, what could and should we be reading this Summer?

To probe this vital matter properly, we invited an expert panel of readers, writers and thinkers to tell us what they’ll be taking on holiday with them—and what they will, at all costs, be leaving untouched. Respondents included Ian Rankin, Chris Cleave, Gideon Rachman, Nicci Gerrard, Julian Gough and Dominic Sandbrook, and you can read their responses here, among others.

My own vacation preferences are for one absurdly heavy tome—the kind of historical, philosophical work you can only satisfactorily chew through given the run-up of a vacant week and plenty of sleep—mixed with some novels of the science-fiction/thriller variety that I’ve spirited away from the office shelves when no-one was looking. But I digress. What will you be reading; and what would you like to see left safely on the shelf?

The pigs of Hay

Some delightful blogging from comic author and sometime musician Julian Gough at the Hay festival, in which he reports on his (successful) mission to steal Will Self’s pig in protest at a literary prize seemingly determined before the announcement of its shortlist. The video alone makes essential viewing, as much for the dapper cut of its protagonist’s suit as any porcine poaching. But should we credit Gough’s impressively well-documented claims? According to the Times, festival organizers have reported that “Will Self’s pig is safe and secure in a secret location”—although the Telegraph blog contents itself with noting that “this is almost certainly the world’s first literary prize pig ransom video.” I have my doubts. Then again, the very prospect of trying to move a pig against its will strikes terror into me.

This is probably because Hay is the location of my own worst ever pig experience. During an extremely damp walking tour of the Brecon Beacons last year, I found myself strolling beside a farmyard, and paused to admire a couple of piglets playing in a pen. At this point, their mother—a sow of similar dimensions to an adolescent hippopotamus—lumbered into view and began to take a keen interest in my presence. I backed off along the path, in response to which the sow lowered her head, inserted it beneath a large steel five-bar gate, wrenched said gate off its hinges with a flick of her neck, and began to charge towards me. Suddenly recalling some kind of nature programme in which a farmer had boasted that pig-bites are among the most painful wounds known to man, I hurled myself over a fence into a small river, where I remained for some time.

Will Self may have had a lucky escape.

New books for old

There’s an article in the Guardian today about internet bookswapping and the websites that enable people to give away their spare books to strangers, while receiving other books in exchange. The piece was published in the ethical living section, and therefore focuses on the environmental benefits of book swaps. These are all well and good, but I suspect that most people using the sites, like me, merely appreciate the (nearly) free books. I’ve been a keen book swapper for over a year, after discovering the sites through LibraryThing, and I’ve found it be a wholly positive experience if you don’t count the time spent waiting in post office queues.

The Guardian mentions the two main websites for British users—BookMooch, which is international, and UK-only ReadItSwapIt—there are others, but none have yet built up the critical mass needed for effective swapping. (Also not included are eco-friendly GreenMetropolis, which some people use as a swapping site, and the more whimsical BookCrossing.) The writer doesn’t go into the respective merits of the two sites (I belong to both), possibly because it’s not a very equal contest. BookMooch’s founder, John Buckman, may have a lot more time to improve his site than ReadItSwapIt’s creators do. But that doesn’t account for the key drawback of ReadItSwapIt, which is the fact that you can only directly exchange books with other users. Instead of having a choice of all 175,757 books on the site, you are limited to the number the other user has. This can lead to some truly depressing encounters, where the person looking to swap with you has 30 books, but 27 of them are written by Stephen King (luckily, you are allowed to turn swaps down). It is, of course, an inefficient system, as bartering generally is, and a reminder of why we invented money in the first place.

BookMooch, on the other hand, runs on a points system. Entering your books into the database gives you points, as does other users requesting books from you. These points can be used to ask for, potentially, any of the 470,000-odd books on the site—with the caveat that not all users are willing to post internationally (although there is a way around that too). BookMooch’s user interface is also exemplary: it’s one of the most simple, transparent, logical and attractive sites that I visit.

BookMooch is not without flaws. It can seem impossible to get popular and recently published books, the site is down rather a lot, and I find the artwork on the homepage distractingly weird. But these are really quibbles. I could go on about the website’s other interesting features all day, but I’ll spare you and merely advise that you join, and find them out for yourself.

And now, if you’ll excuse me, I’m just off to post a book to Chile.

Writing, thinking, dreaming

One debate that will never go away concerns the relationship between the medium and the content of writing. Putting it more specifically: does writing on a computer change what and how you write; and is this a good or a bad thing, or just a thing?

Will Self has recently talked about throwing away his computer (and not metaphorically) because of its insidious influence on his literary product. The fluency with which it allows him to think “on screen” is, he fears, a poor substitute for those words which have been processed “in the head” - which have a greater density and rigour, and a more authentically individual voice. There’s been plenty of intelligent blog discussion of such issues, and I’m sure there’s plenty more to come; it’s not a debate that’s going to be resolved any more than we’ve today reached final conclusions about what effect the pen, the printing press and the radio have had on the kind of stories we tell each other.

William Golding, perhaps a prototype for Self, scrupulously resisted exposing himself to modern visual media because of the way the “language” of cuts, fades, flashbacks and all the other conventions of the screen infiltrated the prose style of modern writers. Did this make his books better? It certainly helped keep them distinctive, and distinctively literary in a sense that, say, the works of Salman Rushdie - a great embracer of the metaphorical language of the screen - are not. On a parallel note, I have alway thought that Nathanael West gave voice to a frightening insight in Miss Lonelyhearts (1933) when he wrote that:

Men have always fought their misery with dreams. Although dreams were once powerful, they have been made puerile by the movies, radio, and newspapers. Among many betrayals this one is the worst.

West chronicled the glorious early days of Hollywood with unwavering, dazzling cynicism, and died in a car accident at the age of just 37 (he was a very bad driver, but before he went also gave us the first ever fictional characte called “Homer Simpson”). His sensibility was in some ways Hellenic: tinged by the sense that human art has been in inexorable decline ever since a near-mythical, and pre-literary, time when the tales we told and the systems through which we comprehended the world were one and the same thing. Perhaps the definitive 20th century lament along these lines is WH Auden’s 1932 Essay on “Writing, or the Pattern Between People,” which paints a bleak, defeated picutre of writing in the modern era as an enterprise hopelessly inadequate to its aims of bridging the gap between peoples and generations:

. . . to-day, writing gets shut up in a circle of clever people writing about themselves for themselves, or ekes out an underworld existence, cheap and nasty. Talent does not die out, but it can’t make itself understood . .

Of course, if you’re an idealist, writing is a pre-defeated enterprise: you will never make yourself perfectly understood. And, if you’re an idealist, you may be better off not even trying, let alone getting down and dirty in the muckily democratic universe of blogging. Better to be guided by the best that others have done, and take limited success wherever you can find it - and however you can make it.

The rise of the Bin Ladens

To the LSE last night to see Steve Coll discuss his new biography of the Bin Laden family. Coll is a former managing editor of the Washington Post and currently a staff writer for the New Yorker, so I was expecting an authoritative and meticulously researched account of the rise of the Saudi engineering and construction dynasty. What I hadn’t anticipated was a raucously entertaining tale of high living, eccentric business practice and clashing cultural identity. The story of the family’s flight from the US after 9/11, from which have sprouted a thousand conspiracy theories, was a particular treat. I’m looking forward to reading the book.

All’s fair in books and war

The London Book Fair is busily unfolding this week, with the “Arab world” as its guest of honour—as Boyd Tonkin explained in the Independent this morning. Is the Arab world ready for a literary revolution? he asks. Yes, probably, maybe, he answers.

The west is certainly ready for the Arab world to be ready. Among other things, the book fair sees the launch of PEN’s admirable World Atlas, a reader-generated global resource linking writers and readers which will focus for its first year on writers of Arab origin; the book fair will also feature the prominent presence of Kalima, a not-for-profit initiative (which we’ve written briefly about before) dedicated to bringing great texts in translation to Arab readers. But formidable internal obstacles remain. According to the UN’s 2004 Arab human development report, the Arab world still has the second lowest adult literacy rate in the world (after sub-Saharan Africa), at just 63 per cent, while both freedom of expression and gender equality for its citizens are severely limited by western standards. Not to mention that many Arab writers now winning international recognition would prefer to be read as individual artists rather than as cultural ambassadors.

Culture is no panacea—and, I’d argue, more a beneficiary than an engine of political change—but, at least on our side of the great divide, the study and translation of Arabic are booming as never before (a 2007 study by the Modern Language Association of America found Arabic has entered into the top 10 languages taught in post-secondary institutions for the first time in US history). Change is being geared up for at a considerable rate. Best to be careful, then, that the creditable energy being poured into this doesn’t prove too successful at creating an international Arab-lit expressly designed to serve the growing desire of students and publishers for middle eastern encounters.

To take a related (non-Arabic) example, Khaled Hosseini’s The Kite Runner is a powerful and important recent novel, but its author hasn’t lived in Afghanistan since his family moved to Paris when he was eleven. Reportage from a war zone it isn’t; and the vast international success of this title shouldn’t be taken as evidence of the sudden emergence of an authentic Afghan literature or literary culture. This in no way damages The Kite Runner’s claims to literary or historical truth, but we should remember there are different kinds of that much-sought-after commodity, authenticity—and that audiences are invariably more amenable to political fictions than political action.

Testing for deadly words

Inspired by my colleague Susha’s recent linking, I’ve been conducting a few investigations of my own into what the New York Times has labelled the “seven deadly words” of book reviewing—the ones that should be avoided at all costs. They are, in all their poisonous pusillanimousness: poignant, intriguing, compelling, craft, eschew, muse and lyrical. How often, I wondered, are such horrors perpetrated by responsible journalists? And how do Prospect, and the NYT, measure up?

Prospect has now existed for 145 issues, which makes our PICCEML index (as I’ve dubbed this new measurement; pronounced “piecemeal”) a simple calculation: the total number of occurrences divided by total number of issues, which works out as 3.3 in our case. Measuring the New York Times is a little more complicated. To calculate fairly the PICCEML index of such a massive publication, I’ve only counted the books and arts sections in my survey, and have included every issue since 1st January 1981—a grand total of 9,955. Work it all out, and you get 4.7—largely due to NYT critics’ incorrigible fondness for lyrical and compelling works.

At Prospect, in contrast, we prefer things to be compelling and intriguing, and have little patience with musing. Despite being more PICCEML than us, however, the NYT does almost entirely eschew “eschew,” a verb we have perpetrated no less than 21 times in our history—a statistic that, I’m sorry to say, includes my own compelling musings on another’s intriguingly lyrical style.

But what’s a good, or a representative, PICCEML? Since 1st January 2001, the Guardian and Observer have averaged a combined score of no less than 11.7, while the good old Sun achieved a commendably minute 0.8—and has only printed the word “eschew” three times in its history. It has also never, ever, referred to anything as “postmodern” (which must be worth at least -0.5 bonus points): something the Guardian did no less than 1,727 times over the last decade. The PICCEML is, it seems, best deployed as an index of highbrow decadence. Any suggestions for telling measures of quality at the other end of the scale?

Today’s top links (about books)

The Seven Deadly Words of Book Reviewing. My pet hate is “lyrical.”

Junot Diaz’s The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao wins the Tournament of Books (the prize is a live chicken).

Chris Lehmann dissects the fake memoir Love and Consequences.




Bad Behavior has blocked 1188 access attempts in the last 7 days.